Evaluation and Issues of Period Products

Care for women's health

Photo by UW Combined Fund Drive on hr.uw.edu

Period Products Evaluation

I will review most of the period products available on the market, and I will also evaluate each product's health, leakage protection rating, as well as its price point. My goal is to help more women who want to choose period products that work better for them.(Star rating from bad to good).

Disposable pad

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Photo by Damozelle on damozelle.com

Health

leakage protection

Price

◈ Some disposable pads may include irritating chemicals or perfumes. However, there are several brands that provide organic or chemical-free alternatives.

◈ Generally provides good protection, but effectiveness can vary by brand and individual fit.

◈ Middle of the road in terms of cost, with prices varying by brand $3 - $10 per pack.


• Materials: Synthetic fibers (polyethylene, polypropylene), bleached cotton, and absorbent chemicals (such SAP - Super Absorbent Polymer) are often used in the production of disposable pads.
• Bleaching Agents: Chlorine bleaching is used on certain disposable pads' cotton and other materials. Dioxins, a kind of unsafe and persistent organic pollutant, may be produced in very small quantities during this procedure.
• Fragrances and Dyes: Some people may have skin irritation or an allergic response to the scents and colors used in disposable pads. While not necessarily unsafe, some additives may cause issues for persons with sensitivity.


• Concern: Some people may have skin irritation or an allergic response after using disposable pads since they include scents and colors, and trace levels of dioxins from the bleaching process. There is new evidence that suggests certain disposable pads may contain PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds), often known as "forever chemicals." Reduced fertility, hormone instability, and an increased risk of cancer are just some of the health problems that have been connected to PFAS (Kluger, 2023). Disposable pads provide a health risk because of the proximity of their chemicals to women's skin.


Menstrual cup

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Photo by TAMPON TRIBE on tampontribe.com

Health

leakage protection

Price

◈ Produced from a medical-grade elastomer, rubber, silicone, or latex. Zero chemicals. Effective usage reduces the potential for toxic shock syndrome (TSS).

◈ When inserted correctly, offers excellent protection for many hours.

◈ Though more expensive initially, its extended lifespan and repeated use make it a good investment. Costs between $20 and $40 per, but lasts for years.


• Materials: Silicone, latex, rubber, or elastomer of medical grade quality are common materials for menstrual cups.
• Latex: Some menstruation cups are made with latex, which might trigger an allergic response in those who are sensitive to or allergic to the material. Most contemporary menstruation cups are crafted from medical-grade silicone, which is safe and hypoallergenic for most users.
• Cleaning Agents: Menstrual cups must be cleaned thoroughly after each use to ensure cleanliness. Some people utilize strong cleaning chemicals that aren't safe for internal use. When sterilizing, it's best to use either a moderate, non-toxic cleaning or hot water.


• Concern: Menstrual cups are typically safe, although those with latex or silicone sensitivity should use caution. Avoid complications by always using a high-quality medical-grade cup.


Tampon

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Photo by Healthline on healthline.com

Health

leakage protection

Price

◈ Risk of TSS, especially if left in too long. Some may contain chemicals or fragrances.

◈ Offers good protection, but effectiveness can vary by absorbency and individual fit.

◈ Cost about the same as single-use pads. Over time, expenses may mount. The cost ranges from $5 to $10 each box (wherein you can normally find 18 to 36 tampons).


• Materials: Tampons may include synthetic elements like scents and colours in addition to natural materials like cotton, rayon, or a combination of the two.
• Rayon and Dioxins: Like disposable pads, tampons produced from rayon may be bleached, which may produce low levels of dioxins. Dioxin exposure has been reduced because to greater limitations and higher industry standards.
• Fragrances and Dyes: Like disposable pads, tampons can also contain fragrances and dyes that might lead to skin irritation or allergic reactions.


• Concern: Dioxins are produced in very small quantities when rayon is bleached with chlorine. Some people are also allergic to or experience discomfort from scents and colours.


Period underwear

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Photo by Wirecutter on nytimes.com

Health

leakage protection

Price

◈ Typically made of breathable fabric. No chemicals or fragrances.

◈ Offers good protection, especially when combined with another period product.

◈ Reusable goods have a higher initial investment compared to disposable ones, but they may save money in the long run. 20-50 USD each pair (reusable and washable).


• Materials: Moisture-wicking fabrics, absorbent layers (often a cotton and synthetic blend), and a waterproof layer all go into making up a set of period underwear.
• Synthetic Absorbent Layers: Absorbent layers in certain kinds of menstrual underwear are made of synthetic materials, which may retain moisture and foster the development of germs. This may cause irritation or an unpleasant odor, but it is not always harmful.
• Waterproof Layer: PUL (Polyurethane Laminate) is a synthetic material often used for the waterproof layer in period underwear. Despite widespread assurances of PUL's safety, others worry about the toll it may have on the natural world.


• Concern: Some people worry that the synthetic materials used in the absorbent layers of period underwear might cause bacterial overgrowth or make you feel uncomfortable because of the trapped moisture. Nonetheless, many manufacturers place a premium on employing non-toxic, permeable fabrics. A class action lawsuit against Thinx, a brand of period pants, was recently resolved after allegations surfaced that the goods contained PFAS and other dangerous chemicals. Plaintiffs alleged that Thinx's advertising of its goods as safe and devoid of hazardous ingredients was fraudulent. Although it admitted no wrongdoing, as part of the settlement Thinx will pay up to $5 million in restitution and alter its manufacturing and advertising procedures (Treisman, 2023). The focus of the complaint was on Thinx's advertising, not the safety of the product itself.


Reusable Cloth Pads

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Photo by Self on self.com

Health

leakage protection

Price

◈ Made of natural fabrics. No chemicals. Breathable and gentle on the skin.

◈ Comparable in protection to disposable pads. Effectiveness can vary by brand and individual.

◈ Costs more initially, but may save money in the long term since they can be reused. Price ranges from $5 to $15 per pad (pads may be cleaned and reused for years).


• Materials: Natural fibers like cotton, bamboo, or hemp are often used to make reusable cloth pads. In addition, they could have a PUL (Polyurethane Laminate) coating for waterproofing.
• Natural Fibers: Toxic chemicals are less likely to be present in reusable fabric pads manufactured from natural fibers like cotton, bamboo, or hemp.
• Waterproof Layer: Some fabric pads, much like some brands of period underwear, have a PUL or similar synthetic waterproof covering. PUL's viability as a safety material is dependent.


• Concern: There is less cause for alarm while using cloth pads since they are not treated with hazardous chemicals. PUL, a synthetic material, may be included in the waterproof layer (Menstrual Care Products and toxic chemicals, 2022).

Period products, Personal health and the Environment

When it comes to selecting period products that are healthy for both you and the environment, it's essential to consider their environmental impact and potential health risks. Disposable pads and tampons, while commonly used, have a significant negative impact on the environment. They contribute to excessive waste in landfills, taking hundreds of years to decompose. Additionally, the manufacturing process involves harmful chemicals and resource-intensive production methods. While some organic pads and tampons are compostable, they still take a considerable amount of time to break down. Reusable pads, on the other hand, offer a more sustainable option, lasting for several years and reducing waste, but they require regular washing, which may not be feasible in areas with limited access to water and sanitation.

Tampons, especially those with plastic applicators, are among the worst offenders in terms of environmental impact. They contain a significant amount of plastic and often end up polluting oceans and beaches. Reusable tampon applicators can be used to reduce single-use plastic consumption. Organic tampons made of natural materials like cotton or bamboo are compostable and can help minimize environmental harm. However, it's important to consider the water and pesticide use associated with non-organic cotton production.

Menstrual cups stand out as the most environmentally friendly option, with minimal environmental impact. They can be used for several years, significantly reducing the number of disposable products used over a lifetime. Despite misconceptions and stigma, menstrual cups are safe and made from materials that are not harmful to the environment. Silicone, a common material used in menstrual cups, degrades into a harmless state, and its production has a relatively low environmental impact.

Lastly, period underwear offers a reusable alternative that is less wasteful than disposable products. However, like reusable pads, they require access to water and sanitation, which can be a challenge for some individuals. Additionally, multiple pairs may be needed per cycle, making them less economical than some other options.

Detox Your Period: 5 Natural Product Options: helloglow.co

Issues with Testing period products

Issues with testing menstrual and period products, as well as access to these essential items, present significant challenges that have been further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The phenomenon of "period poverty" highlights inadequate access to menstrual hygiene tools and education, impacting individuals' ability to afford these products. In many parts of the world, including the United States, misconceptions about menstruation contribute to social stigmatization, limiting access to education and career advancement. The cost of tampons and pads over a lifetime can be substantial, leaving women in vulnerable situations to resort to makeshift sanitation products, which can lead to severe health conditions. Despite their importance, menstrual hygiene products are not classified as essential, making them ineligible for federal food stamp programs and tax exemptions during public health crises like COVID-19, leaving individuals with the difficult choice of purchasing these products or providing for their families.

The stigma surrounding menstruation further complicates the issue, discouraging open dialogue about access to products, taxation, and product safety. Advocates like Reilly Bealer, a medical student, emphasize the need to normalize periods as a natural physiological process and not a taboo topic. Efforts are underway to advocate for better access to menstrual products, with some states implementing legislation to provide free products in public school restrooms. However, on a federal level, progress has been limited, and awareness among legislators varies. To address this issue comprehensively, education about period poverty is crucial, along with initiatives like menstrual hygiene product drives to support vulnerable communities while challenging the societal stigma associated with menstruation.

Society's knowledge of menstruation is lacking in some areas. In recent social news, some women have stated that people have been using water to test the leak-proofness of menstrual products until 2023, when blood will be used for the first time to test. Every woman knows that the consistency of water and the nature of the liquid are not comparable to menstruation, which suggests that there is little focus on menstruation.

It's 2023 and period products are only now being tested with blood: sbs.com.auu

Bad Period Products and Health Issues

Bad period products around the world exacerbate serious health issues for women and menstruators, particularly those facing period poverty. Period poverty, characterized by the inability to afford sanitary products, forces individuals to resort to unhygienic alternatives like rags, paper towels, or cardboard. This not only strips them of dignity but also exposes them to various health risks, including urogenital infections such as urinary tract infections and bacterial vaginosis. Moreover, the emotional toll of inadequate access to menstrual products can lead to poor mental health outcomes, including increased anxiety, depression, and distress. This crisis is further exacerbated by the stigma associated with menstruation, hindering discussions about access to products, taxation on menstrual items, and even the ingredients in sanitary products. It's crucial to recognize that not all menstruators are women, and addressing this issue requires breaking down these stigmas and ensuring menstrual products are accessible, safe, and destigmatized for all.

Period poverty disproportionately affects low-income menstruators, as products are ineligible for coverage under food stamps and SNAP benefits. This leaves individuals with the difficult choice between purchasing menstrual products or providing other essentials for their families. Consequently, inadequate menstrual management can hinder educational and employment opportunities, perpetuating the cycle of poverty. To combat this crisis, efforts toward menstrual equity are essential, including advocating for free products in schools, raising awareness on social media, and organizing donation drives. Achieving menstrual equity, where period products are accessible, safe, and destigmatized, is not only a right but also a necessity for the well-being of individuals worldwide.

Championing Change: ippf.org

References

1, Brief. (2023). Menstrual Health and Hygiene. World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water/brief/menstrual-health-and-hygiene

2, Tools and Resources for Task Teams (2021). Menstrual Health and Hygiene Resource Package. Water Global Practice. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/497961622035770181/pdf/Tools-and-Resources-for-Task-Teams.pdf

3, Leah Rodriguez. (2021). Which Period Products Are Best for the Environment? Global Citizen. https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/best-period-products-for-the-environment/

4, Kluger, J. (2023). What to know about pfas chemicals in menstrual products. Time. https://time.com/6254060/pfas-period-chemicals-underwear-tampons/

5, Treisman, R. (2023). Thinx settled a lawsuit over chemicals in its period underwear. here’s what to know. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2023/01/19/1150023002/thinx-period-underwear-lawsuit-settlement

6, Menstrual Care Products and toxic chemicals. Safe Cosmetics. (2022). https://www.safecosmetics.org/resources/health-science/menstrual-care-products/